| 释义 |
hard[hɑrd; hɑ:d]形容词(~.er; ~.est)A1 坚硬的 (←→ soft)a. < 物> (不易切割或弯曲而) 硬的, 坚固的; 硬质的a ~ bed硬 (板) 床~ rubber硬质橡胶get [become] ~变硬, 硬化boil eggs ~把蛋煮硬b. < 书> 精装的, 封面硬的c.‘货币’ (不是纸币而是) 金属铸造的hard money → money 1.2 a. < 身体> 结实的, 强壮的a ~ constitution强壮的体格b. < 辨别力、良知等> 可靠的, 稳固的, 坚定的~ common sense健全的常识3 a. < 人> 热心的, 勤奋的, 刻苦的, 坚忍的a ~ worker辛勤的工作者, 苦干的人, 努力用功的人try [do] one's ~est竭尽全力b. 辛勤地[努力]从事[于…][at]be ~ at work [one's studies]努力工作 [用功]4 激烈的, 猛烈的; 过度的a ~ blow重击a ~ fight一场苦战~ drinking狂饮, 酗酒a ~ drinker酒量大的人, 酒圣5 a. < 性情、行为等> 激烈的, 严厉的; 无情的, 冷酷的, 残酷的a ~ heart薄情的 [硬心肠的] 人; 铁石心肠a ~ look严厉的脸色 [眼神]a ~ bunch of boys一群倔强的 [不好惹的] 男孩~ dealing虐待~ words恶言, 刻薄的话, 争吵→ drive a hard bargainNo ~ feelings!.(口语)不要见怪 (我没有恶意) !b. < 人> [对人]严厉的; < 事物> [令人] 难堪的[on, upon]He was ~ on his little girl.他待小女儿很严厉His parent's argument was ~ on him.他父母亲的争议令他难堪c. 吝啬的, 小气的, 刻薄的6 a. < 事实、证据等> 昭然的, 无可争辩 [否认] 的, 确凿的, 有可靠性的, 有具体性的~ facts [evidence]铁一般的 [无可否认的] 事实 [确凿的证据]b. 冷静的, 现实的~ thinking冷静的思考a ~ view of life现实的人生观c. < 观察等> 敏锐的, 仔细的take a ~ look at﹍ 仔细研究< 计画等> 7 难忍受的, 辛苦的a ~ life辛苦的生活~ times不景气 (之时期)have a ~ time of it受苦, 吃苦头, 受难, 遭殃→ hard luck.8 < 天候等> 严酷的, 恶劣的, 猛烈的, 强烈的, 狂暴的a ~ winter严冬, 寒冬a ~ frost严霜a ~ rainstorm强烈的暴风雨9 a. < 声音等> 刺耳的, 金属性的, 坚硬的b. < 色彩、轮廓等> 过于分明的, 强烈的10< 水> 硬质的, 硬水的, 含有盐分的(不太能溶解肥皂) (←→ soft)11 < 酒> 含酒精成分多的, 烈性的~ liquor [drink] = the ~ stuff烈酒(如威士忌酒等)12 (无比较级、最高级)a. < 麻醉药等> 被认为对身体有害的(如 heroin, morphine 等) ( cf. soft 11 a)b. < 色情文学等> 性的描写露骨的13‘商’ < 行情等> 看涨的, 坚挺的 (←→ soft)14 (无比较级、最高级)‘语音’ < c, g 为> 硬音的(指在 a, o, u 之前分别发 [k] [g] 音而言)B1a. 难于理解[说明]的, 难的 (difficult) (←→ easy)a ~ problem难题a ~ saying难懂的话, 难守的箴言b. < 工作等> 需要努力的, 费力气的, 辛苦的a ~ task费力气的苦差事~ work辛苦的工作 【同义字】■ hard 肉体上、精神上的努力■ difficult 需要特别知识、技术、判断力的努力 2 a. 难做的, 困难的I found it ~ to believe this.我感到此事难以置信b. [对人而言] 困难的[for]This question is too ~ for me.这个问题对我而言是太难了It is ~ for an old man to work as long as a youngster.老年人要工作得和年轻伙子一样久是困难的c. < …起来> 困难的, 难以…的, 不好…的The hill is ~ to climb.这山很难爬He's ~ to convince. = He's a ~ man to convince.要说服他是很难的 [他 (这个人) 是很难说服的]d. (文语)[对…]有困难的[of]~ of access → access 1~ of hearing (耳朵) 重听的(as) hard as (a) stone→ stone.(as) hard as nails→ nail.■ be hard on﹍(1) → A 5 b(2) (粗暴地使用而) 很快地用坏 < 鞋、衣服等> That boy is ~ on his clothes.那个男孩很快就把衣服穿坏了play hard to get→ play.the hard way(1) 辛辛苦苦地, 孜孜地do things the ~ way辛辛苦苦地作事(2) 根据 (痛苦的) 经验He learned German the ~ way.他下了不少功夫才学会德语副词(~.er; ~.est)1 a. 拼命地, 费力气地, 努力地try ~尽力而为work ~努力工作 [用功]think ~认真地想be ~ at it→at it.b. (经过一番) 辛苦而…, 煞费苦心而…, 好不容易才…hard-earned辛苦赚得的hard-sought煞费苦心求得的2 a. 激烈地, 猛烈地It is raining [blowing] ~.雨[风]正下[吹]得很猛He drinks ~.他狂饮酒 [酗酒]b. 认真地, 热心地look [gaze, stare] ~ at a person目不转睛地盯著某人c. 充分地sleep ~熟睡3 紧紧地, 牢牢地 (tightly)hold a rope ~紧握住绳子4 辛苦地, 好不容易地, 勉强地He is breathing ~.他呼吸困难→ die hard.5 接近地, 紧随地~ by近傍, 就近follow ~ after him紧跟在他的后面~ on [upon]﹍ 就在…的后面 [前面]~ on a person's heels紧跟在某人之后■ be hard done by(1) 被不正当地对待(2) 在生气, 不高兴be hard hit→ hit.■ be hard pressed(1) 非常忙; [为…而]感到窘迫, […]很紧, 迫切需要[…][for](2) [be ~ pressed (to it) ] = be hard put (2)I'm ~ pressed for time [money].我迫切需要时间[金钱]■ be hard put (to it)(1) 极端困难, 陷于窘境, 不知所措(2)[做…]极端困难, [做…]陷于窘境He was ~ put (to it) to raise the money.他筹募那笔钱困难重重I am ~ put to finish my homework on time.我不知如何才能按时做完功课be hard up极需某物 (尤指金钱) ; 苦于没有[…], 缺乏[…][for]They are ~ up for money [an excuse].他们苦于缺钱 [找不到藉口]come hard难做, 做起来难, 变得困难English comes ~ to me.英语对我而言很难学It has come ~ to bear his lack of feeling.他那种无动于衷的样子真叫人受不了go hard with a person使< 人> 吃不消 [受苦, 受窘, 为难]It will go hard with him if he fails.他如果失败了, 他日子就不好过hard and fast坚固地, 牢固地The boat was tied up ~ and fast.船被牢固地系住take it hard深以为苦, 耿耿于怀, 悲伤不已He took it very ~ that you didn't tell him of your trouble.你没有告诉他你的不幸, 他对此耿耿于怀名词~.ness |